Malaysia’s Education System
Thursday - 04/12/2025
Malaysia’s education system has a long history, beginning with early Malay and Islamic schools. During and after the British colonial period, English-medium schools were introduced, reshaping the system through rapid Westernization, alongside the development of Chinese-medium schools.
Today, the Malaysian education system is administered by two ministries: the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education. Each state also has its own education department responsible for implementation and supervision. The current system operates under the Education Act of 1996.
Students may study in public schools, which are tuition-free for Malaysian citizens, private schools, or through home-based education. Primary education is compulsory, and like many other Asian countries, students take standardized national examinations at key stages.
The Education Act of 1996 marked a major milestone, building on earlier legislation from 1956 and 1961, and creating a more modern, comprehensive framework for Malaysian education.
Beyond the school system, Malaysia currently has 37 private universities, 20 private university colleges, 7 international universities, and more than 400 private colleges nationwide.
Mục lục
Structure of the Malaysian Education System
- Nursery: ages 3–4
- Kindergarten: ages 4–6
- Primary school (Standard 1–6): ages 7–12
- Secondary school (Form 1–6): ages 13–18 or 19
- Tertiary education (college/university): varies by program
Primary and Secondary Education
Malaysia’s school system includes primary schools, lower secondary schools, and upper secondary schools. Students may attend public schools (Malay-medium, Chinese-medium, or Tamil-medium), private schools (COPS/NCOSS), or international schools offering Canadian, British, or American curricula.
Primary school begins at age 7 and lasts six years. Students study in Malay, Chinese, Tamil, or English depending on the school, but both Malay and English are compulsory subjects nationwide. Public schools charge no tuition fees, while private and international schools do. At the end of primary school, students sit national assessments.
Lower and upper secondary school cover Forms 1 to 5 (five years total). Instruction in public schools is primarily in Malay, with English as a compulsory subject. At the end of Form 5, students take the Malaysian Certificate of Education, modeled after the UK’s O-Level/GCSE examinations.
Post-secondary (Form 6) is optional. Students who continue may take the Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM), the equivalent of the British A-Levels. Alternatively, students may enroll in matriculation (pre-university) programs lasting two years at public or private institutions.
College Education
Malaysia’s vocational and technical colleges offer programs up to the advanced diploma level. These institutions focus heavily on practical skills and industry-aligned training. A list of vocational colleges in Malaysia can be found here.
University Education
Higher education in Malaysia is largely subsidized by the government, especially in public universities. To enter a public university, students typically complete Form 6 and obtain the STPM qualification. At the tertiary level, students may pursue bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees.
Higher education programs follow the Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF), which standardizes qualifications across colleges and universities. Students may choose to study at public universities, private universities, private university colleges, or international branch campuses located in Malaysia.
More information about Malaysian universities is available here.
Interested in Studying in Malaysia?
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